https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2017/11-12/history-queen-zenobia-defied-rome.html. "Rome in the East" (Routledge, 2000). A third-century bust depicts Emperor Aurelian, Zenobia’s primary antagonist. The queen, it was said, had always longed to visit Rome, “and this hope was not unfulfilled,” the Augustan History recorded with irony: “for she did, indeed, enter the city . Mark, Joshua J. [3] Athanasius of Alexandria reported her being "a Jewess follower of Paul of Samosata", which explains her strained relationship with the rabbis. With Rome in turmoil, the rising, wealthy Palmyrene Empire would have been an attractive choice for the provincial rulers in these regions, and Rome remained too occupied with internal strife to do anything about Zenobia's expanding empire. Queen Zenobia's Last Look Upon Palmyraby Herbert Schmalz (Public Domain). Zenobia, Syrian Queen. The crisis has been further noted by historians for widespread social unrest, economic instability and, most significantly, the dissolution of the empire, which broke into three separate regions: the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire, and the Palmyrene Empire. Sources differ about Zenobia’s fate after her capture. In her short-lived empire, Zenobia took the vital trade routes in these areas from the Romans. "Zenobia." How did Queen Zenobia die? She was not ignorant of the Latin tongue, but possessed in equal perfection the Greek, the Syriac, and the Egyptian languages. She also conducted trade agreements, negotiated with the Sassanid Persians, and added territories to her empire without consulting Rome or even considering Rome's interests. If that did not work, perhaps the Romans would succumb to hunger and the merciless desert climate. Evidence in support of there being descendants of Zenobia is offered by a name in an inscription found in Rome:[citation needed] the name of L. Septimia Patavinia Balbilla Tyria Nepotilla Odaenathiania incorporates the names of Zenobia's first husband and son and may be suggestive of a possible family relationship (after the deaths of Odaenathus and his sons, Odaenathus had no descendants). According to some, Zenobia and Vaballathus graced the triumphal procession that Aurelian celebrated at Rome in … Zenobia (born c. 240 CE, death date unknown) was the queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged the authority of Rome during the latter part of the period of Roman history known as The Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE). The Sassanid king Shapur I (240-270/272 CE) took the city of Antioch, one of the most important trade centers for Rome, and this could not be tolerated. His letter to her at the start of his campaign demanding her surrender and her arrogant response, given in the Historia Augusta, are also thought to be fabrications created to highlight Aurelian's merciful and reasonable approach to the conflict as contrasted with Zenobia's haughty response. . Odaenthus may have thought that he could be next by proving himself of value to Gallienus and by amassing his own wealth by plundering the cities of the Sassanids. Al-Tabari, like the other Arabian writers, does not mention Aurelian or Rome in his narrative at all. Marching east, Aurelian defeated her armies at Antioch (now Antakya, Turkey) and at Emesa (now Ḥimṣ, Syria) and besieged Palmyra. [2] After the cure to the virus was successfully developed, a second biohazard was triggered by Lansdale in order to eliminate loose ends in his plans, soon after sending FBC agents to collect the data. A tetradrachm bears the face of Zenobia, minted in Alexandria around A.D. 274, the likely year of her death. Zenobia then became regent, since Vaballathus was still a minor. The second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus, Zenobia became queen of the Palmyrene Empire following Odaenathus' death in 267. He sent the B.O.W.s on board to rampage and kill all personnel, as well as to dispose of the BSAA members who later came to the ship to unveil Lansdale's crime. Cite This Work Caught by Roman troops, she was brought before Emperor Aurelian, a scene depicted in this 1717 painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. The challenge she presented far exceeded that of a male ruler gone rogue: “Now all shame is exhausted,” the Augustan History lamented, “for in the weakened state of the [Roman] commonwealth things came to such a pass that . He had risen in the ranks from infantryman to general and, now, to emperor, and he was a soldier first and politician second. She was Odaenthus' second wife, and he had a son and heir, Herodes, from his first marriage. She was the wife of Odaenathus and had accompanied him on his campaigns against Persia. . Zenobia has become a popular name for exotic or regal female characters in many other works, including Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Blithedale Romance, P.G. Zenobia and Vaballathus tried to flee from the city, but they were captured before they could cross the Euphrates River, and the Palmyrenes soon surrendered. When Aurelian entered Palmyra and found her gone, he sent cavalry to apprehend her, and she was taken prisoner while trying to cross the Euphrates River. After these initial forays, Zenobia became known as a "Warrior Queen". Herbert Gustave Schmalz’s 1888 picture re-creates the moment when Zenobia must finally submit to Roman authority and surrender her empire. Siya Goyal. Aurelian and his forces left the Gallic Empire and arrived in Syria. It seems unlikely that he would have wanted to draw any more attention to Zenobia than was necessary, and the famous tale of her being paraded through Rome in golden chains, which has been represented in painting and sculpture since, is most likely a fiction. While Aurelian had been on the march, Zenobia had rallied her troops and the two armies met outside the city of Daphne at the Battle of Immae in 272 BCE. When was Zenobia Rose Tucker born? Zenobia, in full Septimia Zenobia, Aramaic Znwbyā Bat Zabbai, (died after 274), queen of the Roman colony of Palmyra, in present-day Syria, from 267 or 268 to 272. His ferocity on the front line was legendary, giving rise to a verse of a song in Latin: “Mille, mille, mille occidit!—A thousand, a thousand, a thousand he’s killed!” During the four brief years of his reign, this hardened soldier won his predecessors’ war with the Goths, repelled a barbarian invasion of northern Italy, and restored Roman rule in the unruly provinces of Gaul, Britannia, and Hispania. The Queen Zenobia was a cruise liner operated by the Paraguas Line Company until 2003. Consolidating the gains made by her husband against the Persians, from A.D. 268 Zenobia exploited Roman imperial weakness, annexing swaths of modern-day Syria, Turkey, and Egypt. Unable to support itself in light of its parent's public demise, the Paraguas Line Company soon after filed for bankruptcy, and the ship was again fated to be scrapped. When they revolted again in 273, the Romans recaptured and destroyed the city. Drusilla’s paternal grandmother, the Queen of Mauretania Cleopatra Selene II, was a daughter of the Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. . Resident Evil Survivor 2 CODE:Veronica (2001), Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles (2007), Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles (2010), Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City (2012), Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance, https://residentevil.fandom.com/wiki/Queen_Zenobia?oldid=842893, Inside the cabin areas there are pictures of the. . Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Zenobia - Taccuino: Taccuino A5 | Nome personalizzato Zenobia | Regalo... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. In both she is presented as a woman of impressive abilities, and this is how ancient readers and later generations came to regard her. The second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus, Zenobia became queen of the Palmyrene Empire following Odaenathus' death in 267. To Arabic writers she is known as al-Zabbā’ (الزباء‎). Syria was at this time a Roman province and had been since it was annexed in 115/116 CE. Thank you! Pharsalia 8.287). Mercy proved to be very sound policy because the other cities recognized that they would do better to surrender to an emperor who was merciful than incur his wrath by resisting. The titled heir, Vaballathus, was only one year old, so his mother succeeded her husband and ruled Palmyra. Escaping the explosion, Chris and Jill find themselves facing a whale-like B.O.W. by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Public Domain). As BSAA operatives Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine discovered plenty of evidence to condemn the FBC, Lansdale released a group of B.O.W.s to dispose of the two agents, but he fails and instead sent his mole, Jessica Sherawat, to initiate Zenobia's self-destruct countdown. Observing from the east, Zenobia saw her opportunity and knew that she had an empire to gain. Located in the middle of modern-day Syria, around 130 miles northeast of Damascus, Palmyra had prospered since coming under Roman control in the first century A.D. Zenobia claimed to be a descendant of Dido, Queen of Carthage; Sampsiceramus, the King of Emesa; and the Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Zenobia, with her large army, made expeditions and conquered Anatolia as far as Ancyra or Ankara and Chalcedon, followed by Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon. Merchants coming to or returning from Rome had to stop in Palmyra to pay taxes and simply to rest. In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion which brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt. Rome, afflicted now by invasion from the barbarian north, had no strong man in the East to protect it...Syria was temporarily out of mind (155). The forces of Aurelian and Zenobia met and fought near Antioch. The Queen Zenobia was a cruise liner operated by the Paraguas Line Company until 2003. 1.60.2). Already boasting several titles awarded by Rome, including corrector totius Orientis (governor of the entire East), Odaenathus was also crowned “king of kings” by his own people. It is recorded she would march on foot with her troops long distances, could hunt as well as any man, and could out-drink anyone. Related Content Mark, J. J. [4][6], Empires of the Mediterranean in 271.The Palmyrene Empire under Zenobia is shown in yellow, Zenobia had married Septimius Odaenathus, the King of Palmyra, by 258; she was his second wife. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Create your account. According to the Arabic version of her story told by Al-Tabari, she was placed in charge of the family flocks and shepherds when she was a young girl and thereby grew used to ruling over men. Zenobia became one of the most popular figures of the ancient world in the legends of the Middle Ages, and her legacy as a great warrior-queen and clever ruler, surrounded by the wisest men of her time, influenced painters, artists, writers, and even later monarchs such as Catherine the Great of Russia (1729-1796 CE), who compared herself to Zenobia and her court to that of Palmyra. Sources recount that Zenobia attempted to flee the siege of Palmyra on a dromedary.