In sport, anxiety is defined as an emotional state reflected by negative feelings and arousal is defined as bodily activation. Us as humans tend to classify people into different groups. ( Log Out /  One of the first theories relating arousal and performance was Hull’s simplistic drive theory (1943). Nevertheless, these theories and models have highlighted the relationship between anxiety, arousal, and performance and stimulated research into the interaction. This theory is very general, but can be conjoined with Hanin’s individual zone of optimal function theory (1997) to be improved, which suggests that each athlete requires a unique amount of arousal to perform optimally, which supported by research, such as Amnesi. Now that you know the true nature of extroverts and introverts, where do you think you are along this spectrum? 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This theory can be demonstrated as an inverted parabola or an inverted u shape. Arousal, and therefore stress, increases when personal space is diminished (see crowding) or when people are subjected to noise or traffic congestion.See also activation theory of emotion. Too little arousal doesn’t provide much in the way of motivation. When physiological arousal is low, the model predicts a positive relationship between cognitive anxiety and performance, with increases in anxiety mirrored by increases in performance. The theory does not explain clearly the nature of arousal or exact effects of psychological factors such as cognitive anxiety or self-efficacy on performance, which is a major point of criticism. ( Log Out /  This model offers a closer look at different conditions an athlete may experience, so it is difficult to test the model empirically, as it would be necessary to control or manage states such as cognitive anxiety. Increase and decreases in physiological arousal are associated with corresponding increases and decreases in performance but in a less dramatic fashion. By Arlin Cuncic Robert Yerkes Life and Contributions to Psychology . This means that introverts are not necessarily shy, they might be great at socialising but it just tires them after long periods of time. Most important to this model, when cognitive anxiety is high. This theory suggests that arousal or anxiety will lead to an increase in performance up to point, where further arousal or anxiety will lead to a decline in performance, which explains why athletes occasionally perform worse when arousal is high. The fact that this theory interchanges the use of the words ‘anxiety’ and ‘arousal’ is a weakness of the model, as it suggests that both are the same, whereas they are different.