Restaurants and bars have been ordered to close by 22:00 (local time), and businesses are encouraged to have employees work from home where possible. Do you see further remarkable developments and issues in your country, e.g. In 2017, government debt was in compliance with the European ceiling again (60 percent of GDP) for the first time since 2010. Regarding dependent workers in your country: How do you assess the effectiveness of unemployment insurance and short-time work in stabilizing income and jobs at the moment? The all-time low was 64.9 percent in 2014. The quality of nature in the Netherlands has decreased due to nitrogen emissions in recent years. How do you see the delivery and implementation by public agencies and other entities, taking into account the trade-off between quick delivery and deadweight losses or misallocation? This is because the sample of persons who completed the survey for the months March-June is somewhat different from the sample of persons who completed the survey for the months March-May. All such rights are reserved. The Netherlands started its rearmament relatively late and imported much of its weaponry, but by 1938 the artificial economic recovery caused by pre-war preparations also had its effects on the Netherlands. Notwithstanding the absolute increase in debt liabilities over the past few years, total mortgage debt has declined as a percentage of GDP. The projected recession has also fueled the debate about the rather strict employment protection of workers with a permanent contract combined with limited restrictions for the use of ‘flexible’ contracts, where ‘flexible’ workers typically have limited insurance but sometimes special tax deductions (self-employed), which may be one of the reasons why the share of flexible work in the Netherlands is relatively high from an international perspective. Additionally, the government has granted firms tax deferrals (for a total of 13 billion euro by end August) and provided a lump sum transfer for ‘flexible’ workers that lose a substantial part of their income but do not have access to unemployment insurance or welfare (TOFA, Tijdelijke overbruggingsregeling voor flexibele arbeidskrachten). At the start of the crisis, government debt increased rapidly to 68 percent of the GDP in 2014. The use of this website and its material is subject to the Terms of Use and accordingly you must not use any content from this website for commercial or other analogous purposes without our consent, In an interview with the Financial Times, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, effectively pinned responsibility for the EU’s fate on Germany and the Netherlands agreeing “financial transfers and solidarity”. But because of the limited scale of this organisation, it was unable to structurally improve the situation. But as described earlier the Netherlands was still unwilling to drop the gold standard, and instead joined an agreement between the last European countries to maintain the gold standard. Previous research has shown that vocational and academic graduates in the Netherlands did suffer in terms of wages for 6 to 8 years after graduating, and to a lesser extent in the employment probability, when graduating during a recession. While government intervention on the economy was very limited, the Dutch government did lower its spending (including income support to the poor and unemployed) and raised taxes to keep its budget balanced. The most important of these organisations was the Nationaal Crisis Comité (National Crisis Committee), established by Princess Juliana in 1931. Services account for about three-quarters of the national income and are primarily in transportation, distribution, logistics, and financial areas such as banking and insurance. Until the 1930s, Dutch society did not have the experience and infrastructure needed to deal with mass unemployment. “A move towards eurobonds in March of next year would be a windfall for Forum for Democracy,” suggests Korteweg. The government debt has also increased rapidly from 45.5% in 2007 to 62.8% in 2010. In 2012, the gross debt ratio was still at 105 percent, but this had dropped to 94.3 percent in 2017. Right before World War II an event took place which could have been very influential, had it happened earlier. Disaffection was evident in the resounding Dutch no to the EU constitution in 2005, which De Vries sees as opening the way to the more “transactional discourse” about the EU in domestic politics. Non-unionised workers and workers whose union support period had run out depended on a government poverty fund, which supported them up to subsistence level. In 1937 the short period of economic recovery in the Netherlands stagnated again when the United States suffered its Recession of 1937–38. With the escalation of the international trade in 2010, the Dutch trade surplus grew to $57 billion. The Netherlands has more than 160 such areas, and EU rules mandate that they are protected. Have there been recent changes or new initiatives? Hitting a low in 2014 with only 45 thousand newly constructed homes, the sector then slowly recovered. As the Dutch government tries to comply with a court order to cut nitrogen pollution, hundreds of angry farmers hit The Hague in protest. In 1931 a wheat law was issued (Dutch: Tarwewet), which forced importers of foreign wheat to add a quantity of more expensive Dutch wheat before sale, to promote the troubled Dutch agriculture. However, the upward trend that is seen in the economy as of 2013 has not been repeated in the fertility rates. It was more than 1.5 times higher by 2017 (1.04 per thousand inhabitants). In spite of these slight economic improvements the Dutch economy struggled with structural problems in the period before the Great Depression. After 1925, partly because of economic improvements in Germany, the post-war depression in the Netherlands ended and the country rejoined the gold standard. Until the late 1930s the Dutch government, headed from 1933 to 1939 by the Anti-Revolutionary statesman Hendrik Colijn, could be described as non-interventionist and strongly internationalist. The Netherlands has seen an economic upturn for some time now, as clearly reflected in the figures. Unemployment was highest in the category 55 to 64-years. A year ago the prime minister, Mark Rutte, gave a sweeping vision of a savvier, more realpolitik-positioned EU in the world. Expansion of petroleum exports in the 1960s not only crowded out other exports, actually reduced other exports disproportionately and fueled the fears of dire consequences for Dutch manufacturing. Frequently clean hands by applying an alcohol-based hand rub or washing with soap and water. accelerated structural change)? The number of births, too, was lower in 2017 than ten years previously. Can you already identify (changes in) medium-term or long-term trends on the labor market that are due to the crisis (e.g. Social stigmatisation also took the form of clearly recognisable signs, such as red coloured subsidised clothing and the especially painful sign that a person was exempt from bicycle taxation (to be worn on a bicycle or on one’s clothing). In 1934 another impressive event took place known as the Jordaan riot. The nitrogen crisis caught the government completely off-guard: the entire judicial system for nitrogen permits, known as the Programmatic Approach Nitrogen (PAS – Programmatische Aanpak Stikstof) has been swept right of the table. But it also suits Germany to have the Dutch “play the bad guy”, he added. Around 16% of all workers in the Netherlands are now in one way or another dependent on the special support policies that were enacted or expanded (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, 2020). By 1933, only a few European states still remained with the gold standard, while among others the United Kingdom and the United States had abandoned it. The scale of these government interventions was however too small to really change the situation. Internal trade failed to solve their problems, however, and by 1935 only France, Switzerland and the Netherlands remained in this gold bloc. script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); To what extent do short-time work measures help reduce or postpone inflows into unemployment (and for whom)? This was already high on the agenda following the report of the Committee for the Regulation of Work (Commissie Regulering van Werk) published in January 2020. Despite the fact that the government still plays a significant role through permit requirements and regulations pertaining to almost every aspect of economic activity, the goal of the new government is to reduce significantly the administrative burden on business and shrink the public sector. Unemployment in the Netherlands started to increase gradually after 2008. From 1934 onward the Dutch government also experimented with a Labour Fund (Dutch: Werkfonds) to provide subsidised workplaces for the unemployed, often on large scale public works (comparable with the New Deal in the United States). Because of its neutrality in World War I, the Netherlands did not face the problems of war reparations, war damage and population loss which caused economic problems in other European countries. Self-employed can claim the special welfare benefits from March, actual transfers have started in April. Have certain aspects or target groups been neglected in the policy packages adopted? Drukker, J.W. Furthermore, online shops are likely to get a boost, as they did in Asia after the 2003 outbreak of SARS. This form of protest was also quite limited in scale, partly because of harsh government intervention. The latter number has been virtually stable since 2013. They also had to allow government inspectors to visit them at home and investigate their daily life, which quickly became a strongly hated practice among the unemployed. Research provides a mixed picture of the effects of the corona crisis on gender inequality in the Netherlands (Yerkes et al., 2020). Griffiths, Richard, e.a. Sales reached their lowest level in 2013 with slightly more than 110 thousand homes sold. The rate fell sharply after this, but in 2017 it was still well above the 2008 level with 438 thousand unemployed persons. The recovery is forecasted to continue with an expected growth of 2% in 2011.This is mainly due to the increase in international trade, the largest engine of the Dutch economy; however, growth is expected to slow to 1.75% in 2012. The construction sector is different from the other two sectors in that it has a relatively high share of self-employed.