The integrity of the OMU as the basis of hamadryas baboon society, in some measure, depends upon this "agreement" between males to respect the proprietary access of their male kin to certain females. It is the northernmost of all the baboons, being native to the Horn of Africa and the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. At the base of their social structure are One Male Units or OMUs. Hapi, one of the Four Sons of Horus that guarded the organs of the deceased in ancient Egyptian religion, is also represented as hamadryas-headed; Hapi protected the lungs, hence the common sculpting of a stone or clay hamadryas head as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs and/or represented the protection of the lungs. [citation needed], Transformation of field and pastureland represents the main threat to the hamadryas baboon; its only natural predators are the striped hyena, spotted hyena, and a diminishing number of African leopards that can still be found in the same area of distribution. [14][24] In addition, females demonstrate definite preferences for certain males, and rival males heed these preferences. [23] The harem leader would retrieve the infants from their kidnappers, which is mostly an act to protect their offspring.[23]. They have also been known to hunt small mammals such as hare and dik dik. Visual signals include social presenting, staring, bobbing the head, and tension yawning. [6], Males may have a body measurement of up to 80 cm (31 in) and weigh 20–30 kg (44–66 lb); females weigh 10–15 kg (22–33 lb) and have a body length of 40–45 cm (16–18 in). Like all baboons, the hamadryas baboon is omnivorous and is adapted to its relatively dry habitat. Yellow baboons are diurnal animals. The hamadryas baboon habitat is in Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and Yemen. [27][28] When males reach puberty, they show a playful interest in young infants. Hamadryas baboons often appear in ancient Egyptian art, as they were considered sacred to Thoth,[10] a major and powerful deity with many roles that included being the scribe of the gods. Yellow baboons are recognized to kind very massive social models, members of which talk with one another via a fancy system of alerts. Hamadryas. During the wet seasons, the baboon do not have to go far to find pools of water. Your email address will not be published. Hamadryas baboons are found in subdesert, steppe, alpine grass meadows, plains, and shortgrass savannahs. The hamadryas baboon lives on the coasts of the Crimson Sea in Africa and Arabia. It can be found south of the red sea in Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. KINGDOM: Animalia (Animals) PHYLUM: Chordata (Possessing a notochord) CLASS: Mammalia (Mammals) ORDER: Primates FAMILY: Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys) SUB-FAMILY: Cercopithecinae (Monkeys incl. Baboon is a terrestrial, that means it is floor dwelling and is present in open savannah as its habitat, open woodland and hills throughout Africa. Weavers build nests over ponds using blades of grass. [12][13][18] Males rarely leave their bands, and females are occasionally transferred or traded between bands by males. The olive baboons of Eritrea dwell within the arid and moist lowlands subsequent to forest and savanna. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. (2000) "Sexual swellings in female hamadryas baboons after male take-overs: 'Deceptive' swellings as a possible female counter-strategy against infanticideticide". Apart from this, males can be almost twice the size of females! They’ve main preferences in mating and feeding. Astennu, attendant to Thoth, is represented as a hamadryas in his roles as recorder of the result of the Weighing of the Heart and as one of the four hamadryas baboons guarding the lake of fire in Duat, the ancient Egyptian underworld. [11] During the dry season, the baboons eat leaves of the Dobera glabra and sisal leaves. Baboons have a large muzzle, rather like a dog, which houses their large canine teeth. This kidnapping can lead to dehydration or starvation for the infant. These females, known as the "central females", stay in closer proximity to the harem male than the other females. Normally, the highest-ranking animals make use of bigger sources of the group. The yellow baboon, smaller than the olive and chacma, lives in central Africa from the west coast to the east coast.