By 1915 most of the major film studios had moved to Hollywood. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), 284–290. In the highly conservative and paranoid atmosphere of the time, Hollywood, the source of a mass-cultural medium, came under fire in response to fears that subversive, communist messages were being embedded in films. In the 1970s, with the rise of work by Coppola, Spielberg, George Lucas, Martin Scorsese, and others, a new breed of director emerged. The history presented here begins at the culmination of these technological developments, where the idea of the motion picture as an entertainment industry first emerged. Because they owned theater chains worldwide, these studios controlled which movies exhibitors ran, and because they “owned” a stock of directors, actors, writers, and technical assistants by contract, each studio produced films of a particular character. His name was only one of many names listed in the list. Another clear advantage on which filmmakers tried to capitalize was the sheer size of the cinema experience. You can get 100% plagiarism FREE essay in 30sec, Sorry, we cannot unicalize this essay. “Studio System,” in St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, ed. “Cinema.”. Many were on the street and without proper shelter or food.

al. As a result, John decided to sue AWARE. How did the Paramount decision and the Hollywood blacklist alter the direction of the filmmaking business in America? Deciding that they needed to protect themselves from government censorship and to foster a more favorable public image, the major Hollywood studios organized in 1922 to form an association they called the Motion Picture Producers and Distributers of America (later renamed the Motion Picture Association of America, or MPAA). Pssst… Known as nickelodeons because of their 5 cent admission charge, these early motion picture theaters, often housed in converted storefronts, were especially popular among the working class of the time, who couldn’t afford live theater. s.v. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages. Mass Entertainment, Mass Paranoia: HUAC and the Hollywood Blacklist. Its success paved the way for the growth of the film industry, as investors, recognizing the motion picture’s great moneymaking potential, began opening the first permanent film theaters around the country. In 1891, the inventor Thomas Edison, together with William Dickson, a young laboratory assistant, came out with what they called the kinetoscope, a device that would become the predecessor to the motion picture projector. But even then people were very secretive about their involvement in the communist party. Dalton adopted a new name which he used to sell his work. “Film Industry, Technology of,” in Encyclopedia of Communication and Information, ed. The Hollywood studios fell right in line, blacklisting those people who would not "cooperate." Its effects and duration are also considered.

Student Presentations will take place on Monday of week six. These four films in particular grossed so much money at the box offices that producers began churning out low-budget copycats to draw in a new, profitable market (Motion Pictures). Some of the most acclaimed movies in history were released during this period, including Citizen Kane and The Grapes of Wrath. With the release of the epic biblical film The Robe in 1953, 20th Century Fox introduced the method that would soon be adopted by nearly every studio in Hollywood: a technology that allowed filmmakers to squeeze a wide-angle image onto conventional 35-mm film stock, thereby increasing the aspect ratio (the ratio of a screen’s width to its height) of their images. While producing a color film was still an expensive undertaking in the late 1940s, a couple of changes occurred in the industry in the early 1950s to make color not only more affordable, but more realistic in its appearance. While this led to a rise in youth-culture films, few of them saw great success. “History of the Motion Picture”. Motion Pictures, “Pre World War II Sound Era: Introduction of Sound,” Motion Pictures, http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/macro/macro_5004_39_11.html#0017. In response to these and several earlier blockbusters, movie production and marketing techniques also began to shift, with studios investing more money in fewer films in the hopes of producing more big successes. The capabilities of special effects were enhanced when studios began manipulating film digitally. However, heated disputes often broke out among these companies over patent rights and industry control, leading even the most powerful among them to fear fragmentation that would loosen their hold on the market (Fielding, 1967). For one thing, television broadcasting in the 1950s was all in black and white, whereas the film industry had the advantage of color.

Identify influential films in movie history. Among other things, the MPAA instituted a code of self-censorship for the motion picture industry. Rise and Decline of Movie Viewing During Hollywood’s “Golden Age”. Reports of a drunken orgy, rape, and murder surfaced. Email: j dot e dot smyth at warwick dot ac dot uk, r dot stone dot 1 at warwick dot ac dot uk, Office: H0.45; Office hours by appointment, timo dot schrader at warwick dot ac dot uk, Office: H306; office hours by appointment. 1, s.v. At the time many joined the communist part because of the decrepit surroundings that they saw in their fellow man. j dot e dot smyth at warwick dot ac dot uk, Coronavirus (Covid-19): Latest updates and information, The Formation of American Culture, 1929-2019 (HI2A8), https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/hi2a8/programme/, https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/assessment/, Evaluate a component of your research and source material for the presentation. Not only did Méliès, a former magician, invent the “trick film,” which producers in England and the United States began to imitate, but he was also the one to transform cinema into the narrative medium it is today. This new form of entertainment was an instant success, and a number of mechanics and inventors, seeing an opportunity, began toying with methods of projecting the moving images onto a larger screen. ... Hollywood blacklists along with other blacklists destroyed hundreds of people's lives. This play explored that people could give their fears and superstitions to ... At this time, people were being blacklisted from society because they were said to be spies. In the early 1950's Hollywood knew this term “blacklist” and it was part of their lives and influenced their decision making. What has been the lasting impact of this movie on the film industry? "The Front" follows a bookie through the red scare where he helps some blacklisted friends (who are authors) get their works into TV stations and into movies. Nonetheless, even with these advancements, movie attendance never again reached the record numbers it experienced in 1946, at the peak of the Golden Age of Hollywood (Britannica Online). Years later, Hollywood has healed from this historical event and today, the establishment enjoys the freedom of expression. Most of the people blacklisted were accused of being spies by people who were actually trying to conceal their own guilt. The computer-generated special effects that were available at this time also contributed to the success of a number of large-budget productions. 6 page essay about the hollywood blacklist. Want us to write one just for you? 1.2 Intersection of American Media and Culture, 1.5 The Role of Social Values in Communication, 3.3 Books and the Development of U.S. Popular Culture, 4.3 Different Styles and Models of Journalism, 4.4 How Newspapers Control the Public’s Access to Information and Impact American Pop Culture, 4.5 Current Popular Trends in the Newspaper Industry, 5.3 The Role of Magazines in the Development of American Popular Culture, 5.4 Major Publications in the Magazine Industry, 5.5 How Magazines Control the Public’s Access to Information, 5.7 Influence of the Internet on the Magazine Industry, 6.3 The Reciprocal Nature of Music and Culture, 6.4 Current Popular Trends in the Music Industry, 9.2 The Relationship Between Television and Culture, 9.3 Issues and Trends in the Television Industry, Chapter 10: Electronic Games and Entertainment, 10.4 The Impact of Video Games on Culture, 10.6 Blurring the Boundaries Between Video Games, Information, Entertainment, and Communication, Chapter 11: The Internet and Social Media, 11.4 The Effects of the Internet and Globalization on Popular Culture and Interpersonal Communication, Chapter 12: Advertising and Public Relations, 13.3 The Internet’s Effects on Media Economies, 14.4 Ethical Considerations of the Online World, 15.7 Media Influence on Laws and Government, 15.6 Digital Democracy and Its Possible Effects, 16.1 Changes in Media Over the Last Century, 16.3 Modern Media Delivery: Pros and Cons, 16.5 Privacy Laws and the Impact of Digital Surveillance, 16.6 Mass Media, New Technology, and the Public. The other famous Hollywood 10 consisted of famous names such as Lester Cole, Albert Maltz, Adrian Scott, Herbert Biberman, Dalton Trumbo, Samuel Ornitz, Edward Dmytryk, John Howard Lawson, Ring Lardner Jr, and Alvah Bessie ( “Why did the Hollywood Blacklist Happen?”). 6 page essay about the hollywood blacklist. ... By 1951 it was in Los Angeles, frightening the timorous film industry and blacklisting "uncooperative" witnesses. Please let us know if you agree to functional, advertising and performance cookies. The studios, already slipping in influence and profit, were eager to cooperate in order to save themselves, and a number of producers signed an agreement stating that no communists would work in Hollywood. Higham, Charles.